Ages 7-11 (KS2)

Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning

1. Teaching Verbal Reasoning (VR)

Verbal Reasoning tests a child’s ability to understand and reason using words, text, and language structure. We break this down into three core pillars:

• Vocabulary and Semantic Wealth: VR is heavily dependent on a vast vocabulary. Tutors use flashcards, word games, and contextual reading to build a deep understanding of synonyms, antonyms, homophones, and idioms.
• Decoding and Logic: Many VR questions are actually maths or logic puzzles in disguise (e.g., crack the code, insert a letter to make two new words, or logical deduction grids). Tutors teach children to treat words as data—breaking them into prefixes, suffixes, and numerical values (e.g., $A=1, B=2, C=3$).
• Systematic Elimination: Children are taught not to guess, but to actively cross out definitive wrong answers to increase their probability of success.

2. Teaching Non-Verbal Reasoning (NVR)

Non-Verbal Reasoning evaluates visual acuity, spatial awareness, and logic using geometric shapes, lines, and patterns. Since it doesn’t rely on English language skills, we focus heavily on visual decoding frameworks.

• The “SPICE” or “MNEMONIC” Method: We give students a mental checklist to analyse any shape puzzle. For example:
  • Shape (e.g., circles changing to squares)
  • Position (e.g., moving top to bottom)
  • Island / Number (e.g., counting the number of sides or dots)
  • Colour / Shading (e.g., striped, black, white)
  • Effect / Orientation (e.g., rotation by 90° or reflection)
• Spatial Awareness Training: For 3D shapes, cube nets, and paper-folding questions, we start with physical, hands-on props (like real wooden blocks or origami paper) so children can physically see the manipulation before trying to visualize it on a 2D page.